An important institutional change was introduced by Constitutional Amendment 100, which determines that another category of parliamentary amendments – those from state benches – must also be paid, making them mandatory in legislative jargon.
For 2022, each group will be able to allocate R$279 million in amendments, totaling R$7.5 billion. With this, in individual and collective amendments alone, congressmen have assumed the allocation of almost R$18.5 billion of the federal budget in 2022, and that is only half.
In addition to the mandatory bench amendments, the current legislature (2019-2023) brought other new features in the congressional incidence on the budget: the secret budget and the “PIX amendments”. The oman mobile database amendments of the general rapporteur, analyzed here , make available up to R$16.5 billion for expenses indicated by the budget rapporteur in 2022. The Judiciary, opposition parties and civil society entities argue that the criteria that guide the payment of these resources are political, that is, a parliamentarian close to the rapporteur could have a greater chance of having his or her spending indication paid than an opponent.
“Pix amendments” work by directly transferring money from the federal government to the state or municipal account. Until 2019, funds from parliamentary amendments had to have a specific purpose and were channeled through agreements with organizations such as Caixa Econômica. This type of instrument linked the transfer of money to the achievement of the intended purpose. After Constitutional Amendment 105, the funds go directly to the beneficiary, to be used freely. In 2022, more than R$3 billion will be allocated to this type of amendment.
The new model of relations between the Executive and Legislative branches has strengthened Parliament, with greater control over the budget and a leading role in the authorship of new laws. While in the first twenty years of the Constitution, 75% of what became a law was authored by the Executive, between 2019 and 2022 this percentage dropped to just over 38%.
The arrangement between the Executive and Legislative branches is important because it results in the rules that order social and legal relations, with a broad scope and regulatory impact. For a democracy to function more transparently and effectively, it is necessary to bring the State and society closer together.
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