Each address consists of two parts:
Network number - indicates which network we are connected to. Therefore, devices in the same network will have the same numbers.
Host address - identifies a specific device on the network.
Depending on the subnet, the number of bits that represent the network and host number may vary.
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What is a subnet
Imagine a network that covers all employees of one company. At the same time, each department will have its own subnet. For example, the accounting department will have an IP address of 192.168.1.0 , and the marketing department will have 192.168.2.0 .
Employees can communicate freely within their department, but to communicate with other departments they need a router - a router that will unite several subnets.
It is easier to manage network settings (since the number of devices in a group is limited);
Higher security because you can restrict access between subnets;
The network operates more efficiently - less traffic is required, since devices communicate primarily within their own subnet.
How to determine a subnet by IP address
When you send a message, the computer only has the IP address, but it needs to figure out where the network number ends and the device number begins. So it reads the IP and translates it into binary.